Read an interesting article about artificial poop transplants. The basic idea is very similar to traditional fecal transplants. To restore the normal balance of gut bacteria, you introduce fecal matter from a healthy patient into the intestines of an unhealthy patient.
Looks like researchers have introduced an artificial version of the fecal matter that is grown in the lab. It's less gross and safer for the patient.
Here's the full article: http://m.popsci.com/science/article/2013-01/scientists-develop-synthetic-pseudo-poo-fecal-transplants